Extrusion apparatus



Feb. 11, 1947. w, KLOCKE v 2,415,696

EXTRUSION APPARATUS Filed oct.l 23, 194s zsneets-sne'er 1 y, TToRNEYsExTRus 10N APPARATUS Filed oct. 23,. 1943 2 sheets-sheet. 2

GJM; @22% f ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. l1, 1947 2,415,6s`nsl EXTRUSIONAPPARATUS William Klocke, Woodhaven, N. Y., assignor to E. W. BlissCompany, Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation oi' Delaware Application October23, 1943, Serial No. 507,417

t This invention relates to improvements in eX- trusion apparatus and,more particularly, to apparatus in which a sleeve functions as a slidingdie which confines a hot billet` laterally and slides telescopicallyrelatively toa foriming die as the billet substance lis -moved with thesleeve 1 claim. (ci.v 20v-2) and pressed through the said forming die togive it a desired form, such as, for example, that of a rod, tube, rail,strip, or the like.

My United States Patent No. 2,167,845, granted August 1, 1939, disclosestelescopically co-actingl sleeveandforming dies of the general characterjust mentioned and an extrusion method in`which the present inventionmay be employed; also mechanical die actuating means, including an aircylinder for actuating a sleeve die and a crank mechanism for actuatinga cap for pressing billet metal toward and through a forming die, thesaid pressing cap, at the same time, serving to move the sleeve die,whereby to confine the billet metal against spreading laterally. Theseveral die actuating means disclosed invsaid patent, or other suitablemeans, may be employed in practising the present invention and, hence,are not disclosed herein.

In forming metal and other substances into desired shapes, it isnecessary to heat the substance to give it sufiicient plasticity toenable it Vto be extruded through a forming die. A substantial measureof the heat, of course,y passes into the sleeve die and the forming die,and, as the two said dies may be of different dimensions or composition,they may not expand uniformly; therefore, unless the two said dies areing means which may conform to sealing surfaces uponeach of the two saiddies in response .to a physical condition, such as heat or pressurewhich may be generated in the substance being extruded These and otherobjects are accomplished, inl general, according to the presentinvention, byV

the provision of an expansible sealing member, which may be in the formof a gasket or ring, having a first sealing surface adapted to engage asealing surface at the input end of the forming die, a second sealingsurface adapted to engage the interior surface of the sleeve die,` and athird surface, which, advantageously, may be a diagonal surface, adaptedto receive an outwardly directed force `from the extrusion substance,for expanding'the sealing member so that its mentioned sealing surfaceseiect and maintain an electivesealing engagement with both the said diesto prevent extrusion substance from entering the'space between the twosaid dies.

For illustrative purposes only, and without limiting the inventionthereto, the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings-in whichFigs. 1, 2, and 3 are somewhat diagrammatic,

substantially central, vertical sectional views of the invention asemployed to extrude metal with several dies, showing, respectively, thepositions of the dies and the billet metal in first, intermediate, andfinal parts of a pressing portion of anextrusion cycle; y

erated by the friction of the metal passing over the die surfaces andfurther aggravated bythe lateral force exerted upon said dies by thebillet substance during its extrusion.

The provision of a lloose telescopict between the sleeve and formingdies makes it necessary to provide simple and eiective means forp-reventing the substance being extruded from entering the clearancebetween the two dies, as, under the latter conditions, such substanceitself would cause binding of the dies.

The principal object of the present invention is the provision ofeffective sealing means for sealing the clearance between the sleeve andforming dies, whereby to prevent ingress of billet metal or othersubstance into said clearance.

Fig.- 4 is a top plan view of a preferred form of sealing ring;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of said ring, on the line 5-5 of Fig.4;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail of a portion of the structure asillustrated in Fig. 3, and

Fig. 7 isa View, somewhat similar to Fig. 5, of va, modified form ofsealing ring.

Inasmuch vas the functioning of the sealing means, yielding the desiredresults, occurs during thev pressing portion of an extrusion cycle,Figs. 1, 2, and 3 should afford a clear general understanding of theinvention. In these figures are shown a cylindricalfemale forming dieIl,

fixed in upright position upon a bolster or bed I2, directly over anopening I2a provided in the latter t'o permit an extruded form to passdownwardly from said die through the saidbed. The die li is providedwith an input opening Il denedbby an inwardly enlarged, annular, forminglip Il A cylindrical sleeve die i3 is adapted to be reciprocatedvertically in loose telescopic relation- A further object is .theprovision of such sealship to the forming die Il, by rods il which arefixed to the lower end of said sleevedie and extend downwardly therefromthrough suitable4v openings in the bed I2.

The rods Il may be connected to suitable actuating means (not shown),Vas, for example, an air actuated piston, as disclosed in my said patent,adapted to move the said rods and the sleevedie upwardly to bring theupper end of the latter into `engagement with the under-side of apressing cap I5 which, with the sleeve die I3, defines a chamber It,

adapted to receive a suitably heated billet A '0f l metal to beextruded. 1

The pressing cap I5 may be reciprocated vertically by suitable means(notshown) acting" through a slide Il to the under-side of whichA the'cap I5 is fixed. In apparatus, as illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. adapted to extrude metal into tubular form, the slide may bepro" vided with a chamber `I8 within which a plunger I! issuitablyadapted to reciprocate and actuate a punch 2|), Vwhich is fixed tothe1under-side 'of the plungerv I9 and extends throughlthel pressing capI5 and is adapted, when moved downwardly, to pass through the billetmetal into a central position within the forming lip of the "forming diewhere it functions as an internal die iny imparting atubular form to theextruded metal. l

The loose relationship-between the forming die I I and the sleeve' I3 isnot apparent from Figs.

. `1, 2, and 3: but, in Fig. 6it maybe seen that thelsaid dies are soproportioned as to aiford a clearance 2| therebetween toy allow forunequal expansion of the two said dies. In order to seal `said clearanceagainst the ingress of billet metal thereinto,an expansible sealingmember 22, preferably'in the form of a metal ring of triangularcrossfsection, is disposed upon the'upper end of 'the forming die ,andis adapted to expand 7 into sealingy and sliding sleeve die |11.

l engagement with the `as bestfseen in Figs. 5 and e the seaungrmg n,

` preferably,'has,a radial sealing surface 22', normaltoa'circumferential sealing surface 22 of said`ring, Which surfacesrespectively, are adapted `to eect a sealing engagement with an upperend'v surface ||.of theforming die and a sealing and, sliding engagementwith the inside surface of the sleeve die, I2, The sealing surface 22,preferably, is of a substantial width, as shown in the drawings, toassure that the ring will. slide smoothly upon the inside surface of thesleeve die YI3: without scoring the latter surface. Also. byprovldingthat the angle between thesurfaces l 22f-and 22h cf the sealing ring beidentical with `tl'iefan'gle between the inside surface of the sleevedie I3 and the surface of the forming die |I, the sealing rlng22,funderthe pressure encounteredin an extrusion"operation,` is forced and held"firmly within the angle between the two last-mentioned surfaces. Thus;the surface 22 isprevented from assuming any angularity with respecttoftheinside surface of the sleeve die.

Because of this, the possibility of the latter surface becoming scoredis obviated. The ring 22,

'preferablyns also provided with a diagonal surface 22` which facesinwardly and `upwardly and serves two chief purposes, to guide thebillet metal 4 The ring 22 may be rendered expansible by splitting it,as by a straight out 22*i (Figs. 4 and 5), which preferably passesdiagonally through a section of the ring. The diagonal extension of thecut 22d, as best seen in Fig. 5, may be considered as being helical withregard to the rins's axis. A diagonal cut, as Just described andillustrated, not only permits expansion of the ring, but functions totrap billet metal to prevent its passage through the ring into theclearance 2|. 'I'he split in the sealing ring, instead of being to trapand prevent passage of billet metall@ through the split. -In such a ringstructure, the pressure of billet metal, passing through the ringwmayoperate to press the split closed at the cut portion 221, or the angularsplitmay function as let metal through the split.

Although the ring structures illustrated and ydescribed are preferred,the split may be effected, within the invention, by any Atype of cutwhich will render the sealing ring expansible, and. prevent materialpassage of billet metal through the split. Also, within the invention,the sealing ring, insteadof being split torender it. expansible, may becomposed of material which. when subjected to the heator pressure of thebillet metal, may become extended suiilcientlyzto yield the necessaryexpansion of the ring. The composition of the ring, also, may be sochosen as to yield a particular function; thus, it may be of a. metaladapted to lubricate `the billet metal as it is` constricted in itspassage toward the forming die. or of 'a metal which mayv resist theheat encountered, whereby to assure its proper functioning for theduration of an extrusion cycle. The ring,ordinarily, is intended to beused only ina single extrusion cycle.

At. the beginning of an extrusion cycle, the I A sleeve die II is in itslowermost positionabout the forming die II, as shown in Fig. 3, -and thepressing cap II and the punch 20 are somewhat above their positions asshown in Fig. 1, thus leaving a clearance space above the forming die IThe rst step. in the cycle is the placing of the ring 22 inposition'uponthe top of the forming' die with the surface 22 facing inwardly and Aupwardly, as shown in Fig'. 6. Then the hot metal billet A isplaced'upon saidring, the sleeve die I3 is moved upwardly to surroundthe billet. and the pressing cap I5 is moved downwardly into lengagement with the upper end of thesleeve die.l

Then. with the parts in the positions substantially as shown in Fig. 1,the punch 20 is forced downwardly through the billet metal to itslowermost position relatively to the pressing cap I5,

bringing the lower end of the said punch to aposition within the inputopening of thel forming die substantially as shown in Fig. 2, in whichthe billet metal displaced by the punch l 2B has been extruded intotubular form', as at 65 Thereafter the punch 2|) and the pressing cap I5are forced downwardly together, to positions sub-y stantially asshown inFig. 3, pressing most of the plete tubular form, as at AAA; the sleeveI3, meanwhile. being forced downwardly by the cap 5 and serving to connethe billet metal against lateral deformation.

It will be understood that, during thev downward ilow of the billetmetal, the latteris under pressure which exerts a force upon thediagonal effected by a straight cut, as Just described,`may haveportions 22, 22, and 22' (Fig. 7) which are angular Vto eachV other` andwhich may function a labyrinth, eifectually preventing passage of bil- Ibillet metal through the forming die into coinf surface 22 of the ring22 substantially in the directions indicated by arrows in Figs. 1 and 6,thus operating to expand the said ring outwardly into a firm sealing andsliding engagement with the inner wall of the sleeve die i3, and topress the' said ring downwardly and hold it down into firm sealingengagement with the top surface Ilc of the forming die il. Thus the ring22 serves as a very eiective means for sealing the clearance 2i againstthe entry of billet metal thereinto and permits use of the disclosedtelescoping die arrangement with its attendant advantages.

After completion of the extrusion of a billet of metal, as hereinbeforedescribed, the several dies may be moved to open positions and the ring22, together with the adjacent unextruded flashmetal remaining above theforming die II, may be cu-t off in any suitable manner. A new sealingring may then be inserted in position, as already described, as apreliminary step in a succeeding extrusion cycle.

The present invention, although described and illustrated with referenceto the extruding of metal into a tubular form, may be employed inextruding other materials and for producing rods, as disclosed in mymentioned patent, or producing other forms by extrusion.

Inasmuch as the invention may be practiced in ways other than thoseillustrated and described or mentioned herein, it is not to beconsidered as limited except as dened'in the following claim.

What I claim is:

In extrusion apparatus, the combination of a die member having anaxially extending extrusion aperture and a substantiallyradially-extending surface at the input end of said aperture; a sleevemember substantially surrounding said die member and beingtelescopically reciprocable relatively thereto and partially deningavariable-volume billet chamber, the said sleeve memtber having acylindrical inner surface and sumcient clearance between the lattersurface and an adjacent outer surface of the said die member to permitexpansion and contraction of said mem- -bers which may modify saidclearance without material resultant binding of said members; and

le of this patent:

iii means for diverting billet material in said billet chamber from saidclearance andA for guiding such material toward said extrusion aperture,the said means comprising an expansible sealing ring which issubstantially non-deformable in radial cross-sectionLand has an outercylindrical Afirst sealing surface of substantial width in substantiallyintimate face to face relation with said cylindrical inner surface ofthe sleeve member, a second sealing surface extending radially inwardlysubstantially from oneside of said first sealing surface, acrossl saidclearance, and into substantially intimate face to face and parallelrelation with respect to the mentioned radiallyextending surface of saiddie member, and a billet-engaging surface within and extending at leastpartially across the angle formed by the mentioned rst and secondsealing surfaces, the said billet-engaging surface being substantiallyopen to the interior of said billet chamber where- 'by to receivepressure directly from a billet in said chamber to forcibly expand saidring into sealing engagement with said cylindrical inner surface of thesleeve member and to urge said ring into. sealing engagement with saidradiallyextending surface of said die member whereby to divert billetmaterial from said clearance` and guide it toward said aperture.

WILLIAM- KLOCKE.

REFERENCES crrxmE The following references are of record in the UNITEDSTATES PATENTs Number Name Date 2,021 Hanson Mar. 29, 1841 493,945Robertson Mar. 2l, 1893 165,386 Tracy July 6, 1875 571,265 Dick Nov. 10,1896 2,167,845 Klocke Aug. 1, 1939 `2,033,735 Pack Mar. 10, 1936 Re. 82Ranson Mar. 14, 1846 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date British 24,9480Nov. 6, 1906

